which glp-1 agonists have cardiovascular benefit The Benefits of Therapy: Beyond Weight Loss Frontiers | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor

More recently, a long-acting exendin-4-based analog bound to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) known as efpeglenatide is under clinical development, and would also be suitable for a once-weekly injection [8,9]

Although DPP-4 inhibitors do not cross the BBB under normal conditions (the pharmacokinetic feature may prevent their repurposing use in neurodegenerative diseases), the permeability of BBB is increased in neurodegenerative diseases, so molecules otherwise unable to cross BBB could enter into CNS in these conditions (103)

Tirzepatide is the symbol of the status quo, while retatrutide is the symbol of the near future

In addition, GLP-1 RAs are particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, which is especially relevant as HbA1c levels 6.5% have been shown to be associated with increased incidence of microvascular complications [69] while it is challenging to achieve HbA1c levels 30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 [2], with a GLP-1 RA as the preferred agent if additional therapy is needed for glycemic control

476 The study results suggest that semaglutide may be a more suitable choice for patients with severe insulin deficiency, while dapagliflozin might be effective for a broader range of patients with metabolic abnormalities