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The enteric bacterial metabolite propionic acid alters brain and plasma phospholipid molecular species: Further development of a rodent model of autism spectrum disorders

doi: 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9708610

18 July 2026

High TMAO levels were found to induce activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) pathway and increase the expression of proinflammatory genes including those encoding inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines (72)
Diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia can generally be made by analyzing a urine sample by gas-liquid chromatography with peak confirmation by mass spectrometry
